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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2015 Sep 10;86(7):1242–1254. doi: 10.1002/ccd.26141

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Pathophysiology of iatrogenic abdominal aorto-caval fistula. A: Intuition predicts exsanguination through an aortic rent. B: The observation is that retroperitoneal pressure quickly exceeds venous pressure, causing blood return through the corresponding venous hole. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]