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. 2016 Feb 3;11:14. doi: 10.1186/s13024-016-0081-8

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© Fan et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 9 — Expression of necroptotic markers and TLR/MyD88 by astrocytes in injured human spinal cord. a Double-staining of GFAP with RIP3 in uninjured human spinal cord. Notice the very weak expression of RIP3. Bar = 50 μm. b–d Representative images of double-staining of GFAP with RIP3, pMLKL and HMGB1 in human spinal cord at 5 days post-injury. Notice the co-localization of RIP3, pMLKL and HMGB1 with GFAP. Bars = 50 μm. e Double-staining of GFAP with MyD88 in uninjured human spinal cord. Notice the very weak expression of MyD88. Bar = 50 μm. f–h Representative images of double-staining of TLR4/RIP3, TLR4/GFAP and GFAP/MyD88 in human spinal cord at 5 and 15 days post-injury. Notice the co-localization of TLR4 with RIP3 and GFAP, and MyD88 with GFAP. Bars = 50 μm