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. 2016 Feb 3;16:47. doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0559-7

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© Rodríguez-Díez et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Testwiseness issues. Percentage of flawed items from 2009 to 2013. a: One or more distractors do not follow grammatically from the stem. b: One or more options are collectively exhaustive. c: Terms such as “never” or “always” are used in options. d: The correct answer is longer, more specific, or more complete than other options. e: A word or phrase is included in the stem and in the correct answer. f: The correct answer includes the most elements in common with the other options. g: There is lack of uniformity in the options. h: Some of the distractors are not plausible