Figure 4.

Procedure for integrated sonication and ChIP on a microfluidic platform starting from cross-linked cells. (a) Cross-linked cells are loaded into the chamber. (b) High-intensity sonication for chromatin fragmentation. (c) Antibody-coated IP beads are loaded into the chamber. (d) Acoustic streaming-enhanced immunoprecipitation (30 min). (e) A washing buffer is flowed in while keeping the beads in the chamber. (f) Acoustic streaming-enhanced washing (2 min). (g) Chamber flushing by the washing buffer. (h) Collection of IP beads out of the microfluidic chip. The microfluidic chip was placed on a frozen ice pack during steps b–f. In all steps involving sonication (or acoustic streaming), sine-wave AC and 3 s sonication time per 10 s cycle were used.