Table 3. Subgroup analyses of participants with self-reported allergic rhinitis, mean costs per individual/year in € (n=855).

	N	Direct costs	Indirect costs absenteeism	Indirect costs presenteeism	Total costs
All	855	210.3	78.0	672.8	961.1
Age groups
18–29 years	122	266.5	102.3	895.0	1,263.7
30–44 years	305	184.8	74.1	574.9	833.6
45–65 years	423	203.8	74.6	686.9	965.5
Gender
Male	371	166.3	91.2	648.3	905.6
Female	481	236.8	68.4	695.6	1,000.7
Working situation
Full-time employment	554	174.2	99.3	840.6	1,114.2
Part-time employment	144	244.1	80.8	766.9	1,091.8
Full-time student	49	284.4	3.4	60.3	348.0
Part-time student	11	169.7	23.8	1,508.3	1,701.8
Other working situation	135	303.6	4.2	134.4	442.3
Smoking habits
Never smoked	561	197.2	72.8	641.3	911.4
Former smoker	222	243.2	60.9	799.0	1,103.1
Current smoker	65	205.7	189.1	561.1	955.8
Diagnosis by doctor
Allergic rhinitis	516	276.2	106.3	778.4	1,160.9
Non-allergic nasal problems	33	308.4	48.5	1,057.2	1,414.1
Asthma	187	402.8	160.2	772.2	1,335.2
Eczema	146	345.3	87.5	736.0	1,168.6
COPD	8	527.9	0.0	30.1	558.0
None of these diagnoses	251	84.0	34.0	467.4	585.4

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.