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ΦPSII (A), redox state of PSII (qL; B), NPQ (C), and qE (D) of IE (wild type [WT] and empty vector [EV]) and NE (RA1 and RA2) poplar plants at growth conditions. Values represent means of five to seven different plants out of three independent experiments (n = 15–21; se is given). Photosynthetic parameters are described in “Materials and Methods.” Asterisks indicate significant differences from the wild type: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001.
