Inducible BAK1 overexpression causes growth inhibition and mesophyll cell death in Arabidopsis seedlings. Transgenic plants expressing the BAK1 genomic sequence under the control of the estradiol-inducible system (XVE-BAK1) were analyzed versus wild-type (WT) Col-0 plants. A, Seedling phenotype after control (C) or estradiol (Es; 1 μm) treatment. White arrowheads indicate a brownish coloration of plant tissue. B, Western-blot analysis of the same samples with anti-BAK1 antibodies. The arrowhead indicates full-length BAK1, and the asterisks signal truncated forms of BAK1. Ponceau S staining shows equal loading of proteins. C, Micrograph images of Trypan blue-stained cotyledons of wild-type or XVE-BAK1 seedlings grown under axenic conditions after control (C), 1 μm estradiol (Es), or 1 μm elf18 (elf18) treatment. As flg22 did not trigger cell death reproducibly, elf18 was used as positive control. Two representative images are presented after examination of more than 20 individuals in four independent experiments. Bar = 0.5 mm.