Overexpression of ECD-TM, but not TM-KD, induces growth defects in Arabidopsis. A, Phenotypes of T1 transgenic plants overexpressing ECD-TM (ECD-TM-ox), BAK1 (BAK1-ox), or TM-KD (TM-KD-ox) under the control of the 2× 35S promoter compared with wild-type (WT) plants after 7 weeks of growth. Thirty-one and 16 independent T1 lines over five independent selections were examined for ECD-TM and TM-KD, respectively. B, Phenotypic changes for other T1 lines after 7, 10, and 12 weeks of growth.