Table I. Summary of the PTMs identified in chloroplast proteins.

For each type of modification, the origin of the target proteins (nuclear or chloroplast encoded), the target of modification (preprotein or mature protein), and the location of modification are indicated.

Modification Type	Nuclear-Encoded, Chloroplast-Localized Targets?	Chloroplast-Encoded Targets?	Location of Modification: Cytoplasm (c) or Chloroplast (p)
Ser/Thr phosphorylation	Yes (mature protein)	Yes (mature protein)	p
Nα-Acetylation	Yes (preprotein)	Yes (mature protein)	c/p
Lys acetylation	Yes (mature protein)	Yes (mature protein)	p
Lys/Arg methylation	Yes (mature protein)	Yes (mature protein)	p
Tyr nitration	Yes (mature protein)	Yes (mature protein)	p
S-Nitrosylation	Yes (mature protein)	Yes (mature protein)	p
Glycosylation	Yes (preprotein)	No	c
Sumoylation	Yes (preprotein)	No	c