Figure 5.

Phylogeny of the major lineages of the Meso-Papilionoideae clade of the family Fabaceae and closest lineages to the tribe Fabeae. The ability to produce 4-Cl-IAA appears to have evolved after the divergence of the genus Cicer, approximately 25 million years ago (indicated by arrow and red branches). Species with detectable 4-Cl-IAA are shown in red; species that do not have detectable 4-Cl-IAA are shown in black. Species investigated in this study are indicated by an asterisk. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates are taken from Choi et al. (2004), Lavin et al. (2005), Schaefer et al. (2012), and Wojciechowski et al. (2004). s.l., Sensu lato.