TABLE 2.
Intraoperative Fluid Infused in the Goal-directed and Control Groups
| Reference | Average Total Fluid Infused (mL) | Average Crystalloid (mL) | Average Colloid Bolus (mL) | Average Blood Loss (mL) | Requirement for Perioperative Inotropes | |||||
| GDFT | Control | GDFT | Control | GDFT | Control | GDFT | Control | GDFT | Control | |
| Pestana 201428 | 2500 (1625–3000) | 2325 (1600–3000) | Not stated | Not stated | 2.4 boluses ± 1.8* | 1.3 boluses ± 1.4* | 300 (200–500) | 250 (200–400) | 18 dobutamine, 5 noradrenaline, 25 ephedrine | 1 dobutamine, 4 noradrenaline, 22 ephedrine |
| Phan 201421 | 2190 (1350–2560)* | 1500 (1200–2000)* | 1500 (1000–2000) | 1400 (1000–1900) | 500 (250–750)* | 0 (0–300)* | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Zeng 201429 | 2732 ± 488* | 3135 ± 346* | Not stated | Not stated | 1225 ± 360* | 760 ± 280* | 482 ± 168 | 473 ± 156 | Not stated | Not stated |
| Zheng 201330 | 2650 (2400–3200)* | 3950 (2875–4200)* | 1550 (1400–1925)* | 2350 (2000–2925)* | 1000 (900–1100)* | 800 (600–1000)* | 200 (100–362.5) | 200 (100–800) | 4 (13.3) | 6 (20) |
| Salzwedel 201331 | 3854.2 ± 1954.2 | 3770.8 ± 2827.5 | 2862 ± 1216 | 2680.2 ± 1153.8 | 773.7 ± 664.6 | 724.7 ± 720.2 | 668.2 ± 676.6 | 704.4 ± 889.6 | 33 dobutamine*, 26 norepinephrine, 0 phenylephrine, 11 ephedrine | 0 dobutamine*, 32 norepinephrine, 4 phenylephrine, 8 ephedrine |
| Scheeren 201332 | 4477 (2107) | 4528 (2387) | Not stated | Not stated | 1589 (1283)* | 927 (845)* | 984 (647) | 1118 (1057) | Norepinephrine dosage 0.04 μg/kg/min (0.06) | 0.05 μg/kg/min (0.05) |
| Ramsingh 201333 | 4082.2 ± 2044* | 6845.6 ± 3893.4* | 3343.3 ± 1563.7* | 5851.5 ± 3197.9* | 544.4 ± 493.5 | 422.5 ± 590.8 | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Bundgaard-Nielsen 201334 | Not stated | Not stated | 1879 (1205–2052) | 1636 (1428–1843) | 1758 (1441–2076)* | 1057 (778–1336)* | 1285 (875–1696) | 1152 (774–1530) | Average 9 mg ephedrine (4–13) | Average 15 mg ephedrine (8–22) |
| McKenny 201335 | 2620 | 2881 | 1000 (787–1750)* | 2000 (1725–2500)* | 1000 (1000–1500)* | 500 (0–1000)* | 500 (311–745) | 600 (326–1000) | Not stated | Not stated |
| Srinivasa 201336 | 1994 (590)* | 1614 (420)* | Not stated | Not stated | 591 (471)* | 297 (275)* | Not stated | Not stated | 31 (83.7) | 34 (91.9) |
| Zakhaleva 201338 | 3100 (700–77000) | 4000 (900–6200) | 2700 (500–6500) | 3200 (500–5600) | 500 (0–2800)* | 300 (0–4500)* | 100 (10–650) | 100 (10–500) | Not stated | Not stated |
| Brandstrup 201237 | 1876* | 1491* | Saline and LR: 483 (419) | 443 (480) | 810 (543)* | 475 (598)* | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Challand 201239 | Not stated | Not stated | 3479 (1181) | 3593 (1398) | 1718 (446)* | 336 (623)* | 500 (200–1000)* | 250 (100–500)* | Not stated | Not stated |
| Pillai 201140 | 0.23 mL/kg/min (0.21–0.25)* | 0.19 mL/kg/min (0.15–0.2)* | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 9.82 mL/kg (95% CI 7.53–12.12) | 10.7 mL/kg (8.42–12.9) | Not stated | Not stated |
| Forget 201041 | 2394 (2097–2692)* | 2918 (2478–3358)* | 1363 (1185–1540)* | 1815 (1568–2064)* | 890 (709–1072) | 1003 (779–1227) | 349 (230–468) | 440 (242–637) | 9 continuous norepinephrine infusion | 9 continuous norepinephrine infusion |
| Benes 201042 | Not stated | Not stated | 2321 ± 681 | 2459 ± 930 | 1425 (1000–1500)* | 1000 (540–1250)* | 700 (500–1200) | 800 (400–1325) | 3 (5.88%) norepinephrine, 2 (3.92%) dobutamine | 11 (20.37%) norepinephrine, 0 dobutamine |
| Buettner 200843 | 6000 | 5250 | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 30 | 29 |
| Lopes 200744 | 4618 ± 1557* | 1694 ± 705* | 2176 ± 1060 | 1563 ± 02 | 2247 ± 697* | 0* | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Noblett 20066 | Not stated | Not stated | 2298 (863) | 2625 (1004) | 1340 (838) | 1209 (824) | 250 (40–2455) | 475 (100–2900) | 16 (31)* | 26 (50) * |
| Wakeling 200545 | Not stated | Not stated | 3000 | 3000 | 2000* | 1500* | 500 (700) | 500 (975) | Not stated | Not stated |
| Conway 200246 | 64.6 mL/kg (36.4) | 55.2 mL/kg (24) | Not stated | Not stated | 28 mL/kg (16) | 19.4 mL/kg (14.7) | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated |
| Gan 20027 | Not stated | Not stated | 4405 ± 2650 | 4375 ± 2452 | 847 ± 373* | 282 ± 470* | 703 ± 649 | 624 ± 632 | 8 (16) | 13 (26) |
| Bonazzi 200247 | 4500 (3250–6500)* | 3250 (2500–4750)* | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 1000 (450–2750) | 1100 (500–2500) | Not stated | Not stated |
*Indicates statistically significant difference between GDFT and control groups.