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. 2015 Sep 3;6(31):31151–31163. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5150

Figure 3. Inhibition of non-canonical glutamine metabolism impaired sphere formation.

Figure 3

A. mRNA levels of GLUD1, GLS1, GOT1, GOT2, MDH1, and ME1 in spheres compared with levels in parental adherent cells as measured by qRT-PCR. B. PANC-1 and SW1990 cells were transfected with control shRNA or shRNA against either GLUD1 or GOT1. Images show the representative sphere features in each group following culture in sphere formation medium for 14 days. Knockdown efficiencies of shRNAs are shown in the right panel. Scale bar: 100 μm. C. number of spheres formed following GLUD1- and GLS1-knockdown in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. D. size of spheres formed following GLUD1- and GLS1-knockdown in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. Error bars represent the mean ± S.D. of triplicate experiments. Statistical significance was calculated using the Student's t test or ANOVA. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.