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. 2015 Oct 12;6(35):36984–36997. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6100

Figure 7. Combination treatment with AA and NG results in a further inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling in the UUO kidney.

Figure 7

a. Inhibitory effect of AA, NG, and their combination (CB) on Smad3, Smad7, and Smurf2 mRNA expression by real-time PCR. b. Western blot analysis shows the inhibitory effect of AA, NG, and their combination (CB) on phosphorylation levels of Smad3 and total protein levels of Smad3, Smad7, and Smurf2 in the UUO kidney. c. Immunohistochemistry shows the inhibitory effect of AA, NG, and their combination (CB) on phospho-Smad3 nuclear translocation in the UUO kidney. Note that while AA inhibits phosphorylation of Smad3 by induction of Smad7, NG blocks Smad3 signaling by inhibiting Smad3 mRNA and protein expression. The combination of AA and NG additively inhibits Smurf2 and TGF-/Smad3 signaling. Data represent the mean ± SEM for groups of 6-8mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to sham-operated mice. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared to DMSO-treated UUO mice. Scale bars, 50μM.