Figure 3. ZNF32 contributes to ROS defense and the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential in response to oxidative stress.

A. HepG2 and Huh7 cells stably expressing ZNF32 and incubated in 0.5 mM H₂O₂ for 24 h were stained with DCFH-DA. DCF fluorescence intensity was determined using a fluorescence microplate reader. B. The indicated cells treated as in (A) were stained with DCFH-DA and subjected to fluorescence intensity analysis to determine the intracellular ROS levels. C. and D. The indicated cells were treated as in (A) and assessed for the lipid peroxidation level using the MDA assay. E. and F. The indicated cells were treated as in (A) and subjected to measurement of the mitochondrial membrane potential using the JC-1 assay. G. and H. The indicated cells treated as in (A) were subjected to catalase activity analysis to determine the intracellular antioxidant capacity. The data are presented as the mean values ± SEM. Each experiment was performed at least in triplicate, producing consistent results. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.