Table 1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study cohort grouped as males and females.

	All participants (n = 17735)	Males (n = 10596)	Females (n = 7139)
UA (mmol/L)	330.57 ± 94.03	374.80 ± 82.76	263.79 ± 66.62
BMD (g/cm2)	1.12 ± 0.17	1.14 ± 0.15	1.10 ± 0.18
T-score	−0.62 ± 1.42	−0.47 ± 1.36	−0.84 ± 1.50
Z-score	0.14 ± 1.34	0.04 ± 1.44	0.29 ± 1.17
Age (years)	49.62 ± 10.46	49.38 ± 11.13	49.98 ± 10.80
Height (cm)	164.06 ± 8.20	168.61 ± 6.29	157.31 ± 5.65
Weight (kg)	65.48 ± 11.30	70.63 ± 10.09	57.84 ± 8.28
BMI (kg/m2)	24.23 ± 3.14	24.81 ± 2.99	23.38 ± 3.16
Systolic BP (mmHg)	123.42 ± 16.31	125.00 ± 15.39	120.81 ± 12.29
Glucose (mmol/L)	5.56 ± 1.41	5.65 ± 1.15	5.44 ± 1.22
Serum calcium (mmol/L)	2.36 ± 0.13	2.37 ± 0.13	2.35 ± 0.13
Serum phosphate(mmol/L)	1.11 ± 0.17	1.08 ± 0.17	1.17 ± 0.16
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	74.25 ± 21.85	75.98 ± 19.95	71.63 ± 24.21
AST (U/L)	25.30 ± 18.65	26.79 ± 21.19	23.06 ± 13.65
ALT (U/L)	29.08 ± 36.84	34.13 ± 42.59	21.44 ± 23.88
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.78 ± 1.48	2.04 ± 1.64	1.39 ± 1.07
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.08 ± 0.98	5.09 ± 0.97	5.07 ± 0.99
Serum urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	5.16 ± 1.34	5.35 ± 1.31	4.88 ± 1.33
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	77.85 ± 18.95	85.14 ± 15.22	66.85 ± 18.73
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	13.67 ± 5.87	14.61 ± 6.25	12.24 ± 4.92
Total protein (g/L)	76.20 ± 4.39	75.96 ± 4.34	76.58 ± 4.44
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)	90.41 ± 17.93	90.60 ± 16.13	90.12 ± 20.34

UA, uric acid; BP, blood pressure; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMD, bone mineral density; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.