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. 2015 Sep 26;6(34):36319–36337. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5415

Figure 9. PPARβ/δ suppresses MMP2 activity by interfering with RAR signaling.

Figure 9

A. A putative RAR RE in the human MMP2 promoter. +1 represented the transcriptional start site. B. Representative EMSA of nuclear extracts from NT2/D1-MigR1 (MigR1) and NT2/D1-hPPARβ/δ (hPPARβ/δ) cells were incubated with either double-stranded oligonucleotides (oligo) encoding the RAR RE MMP2 promoter or mutated oligonucleotides (mutant oligo). Black arrowheads indicated the presence of oligonucleotide-protein complexes. White arrowheads indicated the super shift of oligonucleotide-protein-anti-RAR-antibody complexes. C. Representative photomicrograph of the ChIP assay for RAR occupancy on the MMP2 promoter. D. RARα protein expression in NT2/D1, MigR1 and hPPARβ/δ cells transiently transfected with pSG5-RARα plasmid. E, F. CYP26A1 and MMP2 mRNA expression in MigR1 and hPPARβ/δ cells or cells transiently over-expressing RARα after atRA treatment, respectively. G. Left panel, activities of MMP2 and MMP9 in MigR1 and hPPARβ/δ cells transiently over-expressing RAR after atRA treatment, right panel, relative activity of pro-MMP2 in MigR1 and hPPARβ/δ cells. H. ChIP-qPCR showing effect of PPARβ/δ on RARα occupancy on MMP2 promoter in cells over-expressing PPARβ/δ or RARα following atRA and/or GW0742 treatment. Values represent mean ± S.E.M. Values with different superscript letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.