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Microglial cell transitioning from ramified to amoeboid (activated state). The TSPO receptor is up‐regulated from the intermediate (‘activating’) stage of microglial activation, while CD11b, HLA‐DR and Iba‐1 reach peak up‐regulation in the amoeboid state. Activated microglia release a variety of pro‐inflammatory and neurotrophic factors that are used to identify microglia in the M1 and M2 states respectively.
