Table.

Comparison of Non-Surgical Treatment Modalities to Provide Pain Relief and Improved Function for Patients with Non-recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis

Study Investigators	Study Type	Study Size (n)	Treatment Modalities	Outcomes
Roos et al.3	3-arm RCT	43	CFO, night splints or CFO with night splints	Pain relief and improved function reported for all groups with significantly reduced pain at 52 weeks for the combined group.
Landorf et al.3,4	3-arm RCT	136	Prefabricated orthotic, CFO or placebo “sham” orthotic.	Both prefabricated orthotics and CFOs significantly improved function at 3 mo. compared to placebo. No significant improvement in pain compared to placebo.
Baldassin et al.3	2-arm RCT	142	Prefabricated orthotic or CFO	Pain relief and improved function was similar for both study groups at 8 weeks.
Porter and Shadbolt3	3-arm RCT	125	CSI with stretching, ESWT with stretching, and stretching alone.*	Both CSI + stretching and ESWT + stretching provided superior pain relief at 12 mo. compared to stretching alone.
Lee and Ahmad3	2-arm RCT	64	CSI or ABII. site pain for up to 7 days caused by CSI	CSI provided superior pain relief to ABII at 3 mo. but the differences were not significant at 6 mo..
Dimou et al.3,5	2-arm RCT	40	Manipulative chiropractic treatment or CFO	Manipulative chiropractic treatment significantly superior for reducing pain at 8 wk. compared to CFO.
Cleland5	2-arm RCT	60	Manipulative chiropractic treatment or EPA and exercise	Manipulative chiropractic therapy significantly reduced pain at 4 wk.. compared with EPA and exercise. No significant differences at 6 mo.

^*Participants who did not want either CSI or ESWT were re-assigned to stretching alone.