Table 1. CAR Target Antigens Currently Under Investigation.
CAR Target Antigen | Diseases | Expression of Normal Tissues | Study Phase | Toxicity Concerns | Other Targeted Therapies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD19 | B-Cell NHLCLLALLMMHL | Early pro-B to mature B cell | Phase II ongoing | B-Cell Aplasia | Blinatumomab |
CD20 | B-Cell NHL | B cells from Pre-B cell to B-cell lymphoblast | Phase I completed | B-Cell Aplasia | RituximabOfatumumabObinutuzumabIbrutumomab tiuxetan |
CD22 | B-Cell NHLALL | Mature B cells | Phase I ongoing | Epratuzumab | |
CD23 | CLL | Mature B cells | Preclinical data | ||
CD30 | HLB-Cell NHL | Activated B and T cells, HRS cells | Phase I/II ongoing | Impaired T cell expansion | Brentuximab vedotin |
CD33 | AML | Immature myeloid cells | Phase I/II ongoing | Myeloablation | Gemtuzumab ozogamicin |
CD38 | MM | Plasma cells, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, myeloid progenitor cells | Preclinical Data | Myelotoxicity | Daratumumab |
CD70 | NHL | Activated Lymphocytes | Preclinical Data | Impaired cellular immune response | |
CD123 | AMLHL | Hematopoietic progenitor cells | Phase I ongoing | Myeloablation | |
CD133 | AMLALL | Hematopoietic progenitor cells | Phase I ongoing | Myeloablation, off-target effects (also expressed on endothelial progenitor cells, neuronal and glial stem cells) | |
CD138 | MM | All plasma cells, epithelium | Phase I/II ongoing | Mucositis | |
Kappa Light Chain | MMCLLB-Cell NHL | Plasma Cells, B Lymphocytes | Phase I ongoing | ||
LeY | AMLMMMDS | Epithelium, early myeloid progenitor cells, multiple different malignancies | Phase I ongoing | Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia | |
NKG2D | MMAMLMDS | NK cells, T cells | Phase I ongoing | Hypothermic, weight loss, pneumonitis in preclinical models | |
CS1 | MM | Plasma Cells, T cells, NK cells, Dendritic cells | Preclinical Data | Immune deficiency | Elotuzumab |
BCMA | MM | Plasma Cells, Mature B cells | Phase I ongoing | GSK287916 | |
CD44v6 | AMLMM | Activated T cells, Monocytes, keratinocytes | Preclinical Data | Epithelial toxicity | |
ROR1 | CLL | Pre-B cells, Lymphatic and epithelial malignancies | Preclinical Data | Off-target effects (expression on adipocytes, lung, pancreas) |
NHL: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; ALL: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; MM: Multiple Myeloma; HL: Hodgkin Lymphoma; AML: Acute Myeloid Leukemia; MDS: Myelodysplastic Syndrome; HRS: Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg; NK: Natural Killer