Table 2.

Interaction of direct oral anticoagulants with commonly used cardiovascular medications

Medications	Dabigatran	Rivaroxaban	Apixaban	Edoxaban
Quinidine	Use with cautiona	Use with cautiona	No data	Use with cautiona
Verapamil	Use with cautiona, b	Minor effect	No data	Use with cautiona
Amiodarone	Use with cautiona	Use with cautiona	No data	Use with cautiona
Dronedarone	Avoid	Use with cautiona	No data	50 % dose reductionc
Ranolazine	No effect	Use with cautiona	No data	No data
Digoxin	No effect	Minimal effect	No effect	Minimal effect
Atorvastatin	Minimal effect	No effect	No data	No effect
Diltiazem	No effect	Use with cautiona	Use with cautiona	No data
Carvedilol	No effect	Minimal effect	No data	No data
Felodipine	Minimal effect	Use with cautiona	No data	No data
Prazosind	Avoid	Avoid	Avoid	Avoid

^a“Use with caution” indicates that the effect on DOAC exists but does not require dose adjustment unless another interaction is present (concomitant use of other medication with additive interaction or CrCl 30–50 mL/min)

^bEuropean package insert and European Rhythm Association Practical Guide recommend using 110 mg dose of dabigatran

^cAmerican package insert does not require dose reduction

^dAlthough the prescribing informations recommend that DOACs not to be administered in conjunction with the P-gp inducer like rifampin, studies have not been conducted with other P-gp-inducing medications like prazosin and, therefore, should be avoided, pending the availability of additional data