Table 3.
Mean differences (95% confidence intervals) in depressive symptomatologya by early, normative, and late menarche among 3,711 female participants in the Growing Up Today Study, 1996–2007.
| N | Model 1: Age-adjusted | β (95% CI) Model 2: Age-and covariate-adjustedb |
Model 3: Model 2 + BMIc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early menarched | 591 | 0.13 (−0.34–0.60) | 0.10 (−0.35–0.56) | −0.06 (−0.53–0.41) |
| Normative menarched | 2,537 | 0.0 (Reference) | 0.0 (Reference) | 0.0 (Reference) |
| Late menarched | 583 | 0.00 (−0.44–0.45) | 0.03 (−0.41–0.47) | 0.21 (−0.24–0.65) |
a
Depressive symptomatology measured on using CES-D-10 as a continuous scale
b
Linear regression model adjusted for age in 2007 (years), birth weight (quintiles), race (white, nonwhite), 1996 family composition (father present, stepfather present, no father/stepfather present), abuse before age 11 (never, any).
c
Additionally adjusted for premenarcheal BMI z-score.
d
Age at menarche categorized as early (≤12.0 years), normative (>12.0–14.3 years), and late (>14.3 years).
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval