Table 1.
Summary of the review results based on types of IT platforms.
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Internet (N=86) | Phone (N=44) | Video game (N=6) | Social network (N=16) | Tele-monitoring (N=18) | |
| Health condition, n (%) | ||||||
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Bone, joint, and muscle disorders | 3 (3) |
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Brain, spinal cord, and nerve disorders | 7 (8) | 1 (2) | 2 (33) | 1 (6) | 1 (6) |
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Cancer | 5 (8) | 2 (5) | 1 (17) | 2 (13) | 2 (11) |
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Disorders of nutrition and metabolism | 13 (15) | 4 (9) | 1 (17) | 2 (13) | 1 (6) |
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Ears, nose, and throat disorders |
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1 (2) |
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Eye disorders |
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1 (6) |
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Health hazard | 5 (6) | 6 (14) |
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Heart and blood vessel disorders | 5 (6) | 3 (7) |
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6 (33) |
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Hormonal disorders | 20 (23) | 11 (25) |
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4 (25) | 3 (17) |
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Immune disorders | 4 (5) | 5 (11) |
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1 (6) | 1 (6) |
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Lung and airway disorders | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (17) | 1 (6) | 1 (6) |
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Mental health disorders | 12 (14) | 4 (9) | 1 (17) | 2 (13) | 2 (11) |
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Skin disorders |
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1 (2) |
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1 (6) |
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Women’s health issues | 3 (3) | 1 (2) |
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Not specified | 7 (8) | 4 (9) |
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2 (13) |
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| Country, n (%) | ||||||
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Australia | 7 (8) | 5 (42) |
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Austria |
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1 (6) |
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Bangladesh |
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1 (2) |
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Canada | 4 (5) |
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2 (11) |
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Chile | 1 (1) |
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China |
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1 (2) |
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France |
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1 (2) |
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Germany | 3 (3) |
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Israel |
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1 (6) |
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Italy | 1 (1) | 1 (2) |
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Japan | 1 (1) |
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1 (6) |
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Kenya |
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1 (2) |
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Korea | 1 (1) | 1 (2) |
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1 (6) |
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Malaysia |
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1 (2) |
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Netherlands | 4 (5) |
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1 (17) |
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2 (11) |
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New Zealand |
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2 (5) |
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Norway |
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1 (2) |
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Poland |
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1 (6) |
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Russia |
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1 (2) |
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Slovenia | 1 (1) |
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South Korea | 2 (2) | 4 (5) |
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Spain |
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1 (2) |
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1 (6) |
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Sweden | 2 (2) |
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Switzerland |
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1 (6) |
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Taiwan | 1 (1) |
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United Kingdom | 5 (6) | 7 (16) | 1 (17) |
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1 (6) |
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United States | 53 (62) | 14 (32) | 4 (67) | 14 (88) | 8 (44) |
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Victoria |
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1 (2) |
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Vietnam |
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1 (2) |
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| Study design, n (%) | ||||||
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Randomized controlled trial | 55 (64) | 34 (30) | 2 (33) | 7 (44) | 14 (78) |
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Case study | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (33) | 2 (13) |
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Cohort study | 10 (12) | 4 (5) | 1 (17) | 1 (6) | 3 (17) |
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Cross-sectional analysis | 8 (9) | 1 (2) |
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5 (31) | 1 (6) |
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Quasi-experimental trial | 11 (13) | 4 (5) | 1 (17) | 1 (6) |
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| Ways to measure health outcomes, n (%) | ||||||
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Direct | 28 (33) | 20 (45) | 3 (50) | 1 (6) | 6 (33) |
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Indirect | 58 (67) | 24 (55) | 3 (50) | 15 (94) | 12 (67) |
| Impact of technology, n (%) | ||||||
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Yes | 75 (87) | 41 (93) | 6 (100) | 13 (81) | 16 (89) |
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No | 11 (13) | 3 (7) |
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3 (19) | 2 (11) |
| Usability assessment, n (%) | ||||||
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Yes | 38 (44) | 8 (18) | 1 (17) | 8 (50) | 3 (17) |
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No | 48 (56) | 36 (82) | 5 (83) | 8 (50) | 15 (83) |
| Patient engagement, n (%) | ||||||
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Yes | 68 (79) | 38 (86) | 6 (100) | 13 (81) | 16 (89) |
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No | 18 (21) | 6 (14) |
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3 (19) | 2 (11) |
| Theory of behavior change, n (%) | ||||||
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Biomedical theory (chronic model) | 1 (1) |
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1 (6) |
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Behavioral learning theory | 3 (3) |
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Communication (social support theory) | 5 (6) | 5 (11) |
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2 (13) |
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Cognitive theorya (TPB, SOC, TTM, self-efficacy, information motivation, and behavioral skill) | 40 (47) | 9 (20) | 2 (33) | 2 (13) | 1 (6) |
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Self-regulatory | 6 (7) |
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1 (17) | 2 (13) |
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Not specified | 31 (36) | 30 (69) | 3 (33) | 10 (63) | 16 (88) |
| Sample size, n | ||||||
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Min. | 1 | 2 | 6 | 51 | 10 |
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Max. | 13564 | 22337 | 375 | 1754 | 784 |
| Duration | ||||||
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Min. | 1 mo | 1 mo | 1 mo | 1 wk | 2 mo |
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Max. | 48 mo | 16 mo | 3 mo | 36 mo | 39 mo |
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Not specified | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
aTPB= theory of planned behavior, SOC=stage of change, TTM= transtheoretical model.