FIGURE 7.

Calculated mammalian E3 4-state redox steady-state distribution. The 4-state, redox steady-state distribution as a function of NAD⁺/NADH, Lipo/DHL, and pH was calculated using the globally fitted parameters (Table 1) obtained from fitting the data shown in Fig. 6. NAD⁺/NADH ratio values were selected based on a wide range found in the literature (56, 57), and Lipo/DHL ratio values were arbitrarily chosen. The total concentration of lipoamide and NAD was fixed to 10 and 3 mm, respectively, according to literature estimates (54). The concentration of lipoamide is based on a previous estimation considering the stoichiometry and volume of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (1).