Calculated E. coli E3 NAD+/NADH, Lipo/DHL, and pH-dependent flux surface. The globally fitted parameters obtained from Moxley et al. (41), to the 3-state redox-dependent Kd model, were used to calculate the E. coli E3 NAD+/NADH, Lipo/DHL, and pH-dependent flux surfaces. A, E. coli E3 flux as a function of NAD+/NADH and pH, at a constant Lipo/DHL ratio of 1, was used to calculate the E. coli E3 flux surface. B, E. coli E3 flux (NAD+/NADH, pH, Lipo/DHL = 1) cross-sections at pH 5, 6, 7, 7.5, and 8. C, E. coli E3 flux as a function of NAD+/NADH and Lipo/DHL, at a constant pH of 7.2, was used to calculate the E. coli E3 flux surface. D, E. coli E3 flux (NAD+/NADH, pH = 7.2, Lipo/DHL) cross-sections at Lipo/DHL ratios of 0.1, 1, and 10. The black dashed line is a reference for zero flux. In all panels, the forward and reverse fluxes are defined as being positive and negative, respectively. The forward flux is defined from left to right in Reaction 1 in the text.