Table 1.
Deep branching lineages in a sample of prokaryote phylogenies
| Study | Earliest archaea | Ae/An/M | Earliest bacteria | Ae/An/M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Woese (1987) | Mixed assemblage | M | Thermotogae | An |
| Gupta (2001) | Firmicutes | M | ||
| Daubin et al. (2002) | Chlamydia, Spirochaetes | M | ||
| Rappe and Giovannoni (2003) | Aquifaecae | M | ||
| Battistuzzi et al. (2004) | C/E split | M | Aquifex, Thermotogae | M |
| Brochier et al. (2004) | C/E split | M | ||
| Brochier et al. (2005a) | C/E/N split | M | ||
| Brochier et al. (2005b) | C + EN split | M | ||
| Bapteste et al. (2005) | C/E/N split | M | ||
| Ciccarelli et al. (2006) | CN + E split | M | Firmicutes (Clostridia) | An |
| Gribaldo and Brochier-Armanet (2006) | C + EN split | M | ||
| Cox et al. (2008) | Mixed | M | ||
| Boussau et al. (2008) | Aquifaecae, Thermotogae | An | ||
| Yarza et al. (2008) | C/E split | M | Thermotogae, Clostridiaa | An |
| Lake et al. (2008) | Firmicutes/ Actinobacteria split | M | ||
| Wu et al. (2009) | Deinococcus-Thermus, Thermotogae | M | ||
| Kelly et al. (2011) | E + T + CKN or EN + T + KC | M | ||
| Brochier-Armanet et al. (2011) | TAC + KNE | M | ||
| Williams et al. (2012) | E + TACK | An | ||
| Wolf et al. (2012) | E + N + TACK | An | ||
| Rinke et al. (2013) | (E2 + TACK) + DPANN | An | Candidate division SR1 | |
| Raymann et al. (2015) | (E2 + TACK)+ Eb | An | Deinococcus-Thermus, Thermotogae | M |
| Spang et al. (2015) | E + (DPANN + (E + TACKL) | An | ||
| Zuo et al. (2015) | Halobacteriac | Ae |
C, Crenarchaea; E, Euryarchaea; N, Nanoarchaea; K, Korarchaea; T, Thaumarchaea; A, Aigarchaea; DPANN, Diapherotrites, Parvarchaea, Aenigmarchaea, Nanohaloarchaea, and Nanoarchaea; L, Lockiarchaea; Ae, aerobic; An, anaerobic; M, mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
aThermodesulfobiaceae family, Firmicutes are nonmonophyletic.
bEuryarchaea separated into two clusters with methanogenic archaea basal.
cWhole genome comparison.