Table 4.
Characteristics according to quintile categories in each dietary pattern
| Variable | Meat, fats and oils, seasonings and eggs | Fruit, dairy products and sweets | Rice and miso soups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Model 1 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Model 1 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Model 1 | |
| Age (years) | 60.6 ± 6.7 | 54.9 ± 8.9 | - | 56.6 ± 9.1 | 58.7 ± 8.2 | - | 57.5 ± 8.8 | 58.3 ± 8.6 | - |
| Gender (male) | 104 (55.3) | 132 (72.9) | - | 134 (82.7) | 109(55.9) | - | 106 (55.5) | 137 (76.5) | - |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.9 | 25.3 ± 4.5 | −0.11 | 24.4 ± 3.8 | 24.6 ± 4.2 | 1.20 | 25.2 ± 4.3 | 24.4 ± 3.8 | −1.80 |
| Estimated duration of diabetes (years) | 10.0 ± 7.4 | 9.5 ± 6.5 | 0.47 | 9.4 ± 7.0 | 10.2 ± 7.8 | 0.76 | 9.5 ± 6.7 | 10.2 ± 7.0 | 0.83 |
| MEQ | 58.9 ± 7.4 | 56.5 ± 7.4 | −2.14* | 58.6 ± 7.8 | 56.3 ± 7.2 | −3.36*** | 57.1 ± 7.9 | 56.9 ± 7.5 | −0.91 |
| PSQI | 4.5 ± 2.6 | 5.3 ± 3.1 | 2.00* | 5.1 ± 3.0 | 5.2 ± 3.1 | 0.02 | 5.2 ± 2.9 | 5.0 ± 2.4 | −0.06 |
| BDI-II | 9.6 ± 8.1 | 10.0 ± 6.8 | 0.65 | 9.7 ± 7.1 | 10.6 ± 8.6 | 1.24 | 10.3 ± 7.9 | 10.4 ± 8.5 | 0.98 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1440 ± 479 | 2118 ± 651 | 12.94*** | 1781 ± 618 | 1909 ± 626 | 4.14*** | 1418 ± 456 | 2047 ± 568 | 11.01*** |
| Current smoker (%) | 39 (20.7) | 50 (27.6) | −0.03 | 55 (34.0) | 32 (16.4) | −2.54* | 46 (24.1) | 42 (23.5) | −1.00 |
| Physical activity (kcal/day) | 39.3 ± 65.3 | 39.1 ± 73.5 | 0.13 | 46.4 ± 78.9 | 45.5 ± 80.7 | −0.45 | 41.3 ± 62.8 | 47.8 ± 84.4 | 1.08 |
| Worker (yes) | 128 (68.1) | 150(82.9) | 0.11 | 134 (82.7) | 128 (65.6) | −2.51* | 131 (68.6) | 138 (77.1) | 1.91 |
| Sleep duration (hours) | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 6.3 ± 1.2 | −1.88 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 1.1 | −0.02 | 6.5 ± 1.1 | 6.4 ± 1.2 | −0.55 |
| Diabetes medication (yes) | 164(87.2) | 151 (83.4) | −0.58 | 140 (86.4) | 164 (84.1) | −1.12 | 167 (87.4) | 153 (85.5) | −0.80 |
| Hypertension medication (yes) | 92 (48.9) | 82 (45.3) | −0.75 | 95 (58.6) | 82 (42.1) | −2.86** | 94 (49.2) | 95 (53.1) | 0.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia medication (yes) | 122(64.9) | 99 (54.7) | −0.35 | 78 (48.1) | 131 (67.2) | 2.86** | 118 (61.8) | 95 (53.1) | −1.14 |
Data are mean ± SD, median [range: 25 % to 75 %] or number of subjects (percentages) before adjustment. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
Model 1: Trend estimation for linear trends across quintiles is based on linear regression analysis for continuous variables or logistic regression analysis for categorical variables adjusted for age and gender. Standardized regression coefficients are shown. See Table 3 for abbreviations