Table 6.
Cardio-renal-metabolic parameters according to quintile categories in each dietary pattern
| Variable | Meat, fats and oils, seasonings and eggs | Fruit, dairy products and sweets | Rice and miso soups | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| AST (U/L) | 22 [19, 27] | 21 [17, 26] | −1.14 | −1.15 | 22 [18, 28] | 21 [18, 27] | 0.49 | 0.09 | 21 [17, 27] | 22[18, 27] | 1.05 | 1.45 |
| ALT (U/L) | 21 [16, 31] | 24 [17, 35] | −0.40 | −0.49 | 22 [16, 33] | 23 [17, 34] | 2.58* | 2.10* | 22 [15, 35] | 24 [17, 34] | 0.92 | 1.48 |
| γ-GTP (U/L) | 25 [16, 36] | 27 [17, 46] | −1.19 | −1.33 | 32 [20, 56] | 24 [17, 36] | −3.51*** | −4.20*** | 26 [17, 38] | 26 [19, 42] | 0.11 | 0.69 |
| Uric Acid (mg/dl) | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | −2.27* | −2.31* | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | −0.58 | −1.16 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 0.23 | 0.46 |
| eGFR (ml/min/ 1.73 m2) | 75 ± 15 | 80 ± 19 | - | 1.24 | 78 ± 17 | 79 ± 19 | - | −0.56 | 79 ± 19 | 77 ± 17 | - | −0.87 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 185 ± 26 | 188 ± 30 | 0.79 | 0.83 | 185 ± 27 | 185 ± 29 | −1.04 | −1.11 | 188 ± 29 | 183 ± 29 | −0.26 | −0.09 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 59 ± 14 | 59 ± 16 | 1.25 | 1.35 | 61 ± 14 | 60 ± 14 | −2.87** | −2.65** | 59 ± 15 | 58 ± 13 | −0.50 | −1.05 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 98 [68,144] | 112 [72, 157] | −0.14 | −0.27 | 112 [70, 158] | 98 [71, 143] | −0.45 | −0.99 | 99 [71, 148] | 100 [70, 158] | −0.07 | 0.70 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 130 ± 30 | 137 ± 33 | 0.93 | 0.64 | 136 ± 30 | 130 ± 31 | −1.22 | −1.74 | 135 ± 33 | 136 ± 31 | 0.28 | 0.21 |
| HbA1c | 6.8 ± 0.9 | 7.0 ± 1.0 | 1.55 | 1.25 | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 6.9 ± 0.9 | 0.56 | 0.12 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 0.65 | 0.79 |
| Systolic BP(mmHg) | 126 ± 15 | 127 ± 13 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 128 ± 13 | 125 ± 14 | −2.65** | −3.01** | 128 ± 15 | 127 ± 13 | −0.47 | 0.10 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76 ± 10 | 79 ± 13 | −0.37 | −0.44 | 80 ± 11 | 76 ± 12 | −1.89 | −2.31* | 77 ± 11 | 78 ± 13 | 1.19 | 1.61 |
| UAE (mg/g creatinine) | 10 [6, 24] | 10 [5, 24] | −0.17 | −0.28 | 12[7, 36] | 9 [6, 18] | −3.20** | −3.44*** | 10 [6, 23] | 11 [6, 23] | −1.23 | −0.77 |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1577 ± 282 | 1508 ± 265 | −0.07 | −0.33 | 1574 ± 314 | 1530 ± 259 | −3.04** | −3.14** | 1536 ± 256 | 1556 ± 277 | 0.18 | 0.15 |
Data are mean ± SD, median [range: 25 % to 75 %] or number of subjects (proportion) before adjustment. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
Model 1: Trend estimation for linear trends across quintiles is based on linear regression analysis for continuous variables or logistic regression analysis for categorical variables adjusted for age and gender. Model 2: Trend estimation for linear trends across quintiles is based on linear regression analysis for continuous variables or logistic regression analysis for categorical variables adjusted for age, gender, BMI, morningness-eveningness questionnaire, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Beck Depression inventory, current smoking, and physical activity. Standardized regression coefficients are shown. See Table 5 for abbreviations