Table 2.
Statistical analysis of various risk factors for colonization with S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus spp.
| Characteristics | No. (%), N = 150 | Colonized, n = 81 (%) | Not colonized, n = 69 (%) | Chi square, P value* | Odd ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occupation | |||||
| HCW | 100 (66.67) | 65 (65) | 35 (35) | 0.001 | 3.946 |
| Non-HCW | 50 (33.3) | 16 (32) | 34 (68) | 1 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 73 (48.7) | 36 (49.3) | 37 (50.7) | 0.262 | – |
| Male | 77 (51.3) | 45 (58.4) | 32 (41.6) | ||
| Smoking | |||||
| Non-smoker | 73 (48.7) | 38 (52.1) | 35 (47.9) | 0.642 | – |
| Smoker | 77 (51.3) | 43 (55.8) | 34 (44.2) | ||
| Designation | |||||
| Consultants | 18 (12.0) | 10 (58.8) | 08 (41.2) | 0.002 | – |
| Residents | 18 (12.0) | 15 (83.3) | 03 (16.7) | ||
| Interns | 37 (24.7) | 24 (64.9) | 13 (35.1) | ||
| Nursing staffs | 15 (10.0) | 09 (60.0) | 06 (40.0) | ||
| Laboratory staffs | 12 (8.0) | 07 (58.3) | 05 (41.7) | ||
| Basic science faculties and community subjects | 50 (33.3) | 16 (32.0) | 34 (68.0) | ||
| History of recurrent RTI | |||||
| No | 127 (84.7) | 68 (53.5) | 59 (46.5) | 0.792 | – |
| Yes | 23 (15.3) | 13 (16.0) | 10 (43.5) | ||
| Oropharyngeal examination | |||||
| Normal | 137 (91.3) | 71 (51.8) | 66 (48.2) | 0.083 | – |
| Enlarged or inflamed tonsils | 13 (8.7) | 10 (76.9) | 03 (23.1) | ||
| Close contact with children | |||||
| No | 90 (60.0) | 54 (60.0) | 36 (40.0) | 0.071 | – |
| Yes | 60 (40.0) | 27 (45.0) | 33 (47.8) | ||
| History of antibiotic use in preceding 15 days | |||||
| No | 145 (96.7) | 78 (53.8) | 67 (46.2) | 0.784 | – |
| Yes | 05 (3.3) | 03 (46.2) | 02 (40.0) | ||
| History of Pneumococcal and Haemophilus disease | |||||
| No | 150 (100) | 81 (54.0) | 69 (46.0) | – | – |
| Yes | 00 (00) | 00 (00) | 00 (00) | ||
| Vaccination status | |||||
| No | 150 (100) | 81 (54.0) | 69 (46.0) | – | – |
| Yes | 00 (00) | 00 (00) | 00 (00) | ||
* P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant