Table 3.
Hepatic gene expression levelsa
| Gene symbol | Gene name | Control diet | 0.9 % TTP diet | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPAR co-activators: | ||||
| Pparg1a | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha | 1.00 ± 0.32 | 1.56 ± 0.33 | 0.021 |
| Ppara | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha | 1.00 ± 0.37 | 1.12 ± 0.23 | 0.468 |
| Pparg | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta | 1.00 ± 0.78 | 1.57 ± 0.31 | 0.040 |
| Fatty acid mobilization, uptake, and secretion: | ||||
| CD36 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta | 1.00 ± 0.64 | 3.24 ± 0.67 | <0.001 |
| Lipe | Hormone sensitive lipase | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 1.24 ± 0.24 | 0.036 |
| Lipc | Hepatic lipase | 1.00 ± 0.14 | 0.93 ± 0.15 | 0.384 |
| Fabp1 | Fatty acid binding protein 1, liver | 1.00 ± 0.35 | 1.38 ± 0.27 | 0.039 |
| Acly | ATP citrate lyase | 1.00 ± 0.22 | 0.97 ± 1.02 | 0.187 |
| Apob | Apolipoprotein B | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 0.94 ± 0.14 | 0.450 |
| Slc25a20 | acylcarnitine translocase | 1.00 ± 0.25 | 1.31 ± 0.44 | 0.116 |
| Antioxidant activity and inflammation: | ||||
| Tnfa | Tumor necrosis factor alpha | 1.00 ± 0.44 | 0.51 ± 0.09 | 0.014 |
| Il1b | Interleukin 1, beta | 1.00 ± 0.63 | 0.68 ± 0.32 | 0.054 |
| Sod1 | Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble | 1.00 ± 0.11 | 1.27 ± 0.22 | 0.010 |
| Sod2 | Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial | 1.00 ± 0.12 | 1.08 ± 0.11 | 0.187 |
| Phosphatidyl synthesis and metabolism: | ||||
| Chka | Choline kinase alpha | 1.00 ± 0.35 | 0.35 ± 0.14 | <0.001 |
| Chkb | Ethanolamine kinase/Choline kinase beta | 1.00 ± 0.18 | 1.49 ± 0.29 | 0.001 |
| Pcyt1a | Phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha | 1.00 ± 0.19 | 0.80 ± 0.08 | 0.018 |
| Choline oxidation pathway, mitochondria: | ||||
| Chdh | Choline dehydrogenase | 1.00 ± 0.35 | 1.01 ± 0.15 | 0.941 |
| Dmgdh | Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase precursor | 1.00 ± 0.28 | 0.65 ± 0.07 | 0.007 |
| Sardh | Sarcosine dehydrogenase | 1.00 ± 0.31 | 0.69 ± 0.14 | 0.032 |
| Shmt2 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (mit) | 1.00 ± 0.24 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 0.001 |
| Choline oxidation pathway, cytosol: | ||||
| Bhmt | betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase | 1.00 ± 0.76 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.012 |
| Gnmt | Glycine N-methyltransferase | 1.00 ± 0.14 | 0.90 ± 0.15 | 0.232 |
| Amino acid metabolism and derivatives: | ||||
| Mtr/Mr | Methionine synthase (5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocystein methyltransferase) | 1.00 ± 0.22 | 0.70 ± 0.12 | 0.006 |
| Mtrr/Msr | Methionine synthase reductase (5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocystein) | 1.00 ± 0.50 | 0.68 ± 0.17 | 0.040 |
| Msra | Methionine sulfoxide reductase A | 1.00 ± 0.50 | 0.88 ± 0.21 | 0.556 |
| Msrb2 | Methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 | 1.00 ± 0.10 | 0.75 ± 0.14 | 0.001 |
| Shmt1 | Serine hydroxyl-methyltransferse (soluble) | 1.00 ± 0.57 | 0.66 ± 0.23 | 0.165 |
| Transsulfuration: | ||||
| Cbs | Cystathionine-beta-synthase | 1.00 ± 0.46 | 0.49 ± 0.18 | 0.017 |
| Cth | Cystathionase (cystathionine gamma lyase) | 1.00 ± 0.51 | 0.63 ± 0.22 | 0.121 |
Abbreviations: TTP tetradecylthiopropionic acid
aExpression levels were normalized to 18 s expression and relative values to control are given as means ± standard deviation (n = 7–8). Results were analyzed by unpaired t-test, and P –values < 0.05 were considered significant