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. 2016 Feb 4;9:31. doi: 10.1186/s13068-016-0445-x

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© Dumitrache et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Top The three primary monolignols (from left to right) that form H, G, and S lignin units (respectively) and the most common linkage in the lignin polymer, the β-O-4 ether bond (right-most); Bottom highly resistant 5-5 (left) and β-5 (right) lignin linkages facilitated by the G unit