Figure 4.

The cross-sectional area ratio of orbital fat and extraocular muscles to the total orbit in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy according to lower lid retraction [lower lid retraction (n = 21), no lower lid retraction (n = 23), control (n = 23)]. Lower lid retraction: a margin reflex distance 2 (MRD₂) >4.5 mm or a bilateral MRD₂ difference >2.0 mm from photographs calculated using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD); *p < 0.01 compared with controls (Kruskal–Wallis test). E/F, extraocular muscles/orbital fat; E/O, extraocular muscles/total orbital area; F/O, orbital fat/total orbital area.