Table 1.

WHO-recommended temperature monitoring devices for storage and transportation of vaccines.

Description	International transport	Primary vaccine store	Transport	Intermediate vaccine store	Transport	Service level
Electronic shipping indicators	✓		✓
Vaccine cold chain monitor	✓		✓
Vaccine vial monitor	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Irreversible freeze indicator	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Programmable electronic temperature and event logger systems with integral alarm and auto-dialer options		✓		✓
Integrated electronic maximum–minimum thermometer, with factory-programmed alarms, for vaccine refrigerators and freezers		✓		✓		✓
Wall-mounted pen recording thermometer		✓		✓
User-programmable temperature data loggers	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
30-day electronic refrigerator temperature logger		✓		✓		✓