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. 2014 Jul 28;30(11):2255–2265. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2014.940040

Table 5.

Common concurrent disease-specific medicationsa by primary neurological condition.

AD/dementia (n = 17) %
 Anticholinesterase (e.g., donepezil) 47.1
 Memantine 29.4
MS (n = 223) %
 Interferon beta 45.3
 Glatiramer 27.4
 Centrally acting muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen,  tizanidine, orphenadrine) 33.2
 Urinary antispasmodics (e.g., oxybutynin, tolterodine) 25.6
 Psychostimulants (e.g., amphetamine derivatives,  modafinil, pemoline) 18.8
 Glucocorticoids 5.8
 Immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate,  mycophenolate, azathioprine) 5.8
 Mitoxantrone 4.0
 4-Aminopyridine 2.2
Stroke/CBVD (n = 51) %
 Aspirin 43.1
 Clopidogrel 19.6
 Calcium channel blockers (e.g., dihydropyridine) 11.8
TBI (n = 23) %
 Topiramate 13.0
 Carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine 13.0
 Thyroid preparations 17.4
 Psychostimulants (e.g., amphetamine derivatives, modafinil, pemoline) 13.0
 Antimigraine (e.g., triptans, selective 5HT1 agonists) 13.0
 Glucocorticoids 8.7
ALS/MND (n = 199) %
 Riluzole 47.7
 Centrally acting muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen,  tizanidine, orphenadrine) 31.7
 Coenzyme Q10 31.2
 Tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., minocycline, doxycycline) 17.6
 Creatine 15.6
 Beta-2-adrenergic agonists, inhalants 14.6
 Beta carotene/vitamin A 13.1
 Urinary antispasmodics (e.g., oxybutynin, tolterodine) 11.1
 Quinine 10.6
 Expectorants and mucolytics (e.g., guaifenesin,  n-acetylcysteine) 9.0
 Belladonna alkaloids (e.g., atropine, hyocyamine, scopolamine) 9.0
 Glycopyrrolate 7.5
PD/movement disorders (n = 23) %
 Dopamine derivatives (± carbidopa, benserazide,  or entacapone) 65.2
 Dopamine agonists 30.4
 Amantadine 17.4
 Selegiline 8.7
 Trihexyphenidyl 0.5
Other PBA (n = 17) %
 Phenytoin 11.8
 Tiagabine 11.8

5HT1: type 1 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CBVD: cerebrovascular disorders; MND: motor neuron disease; MS: multiple sclerosis; PBA: pseudobulbar affect; PD: Parkinson’s disease; TBI: traumatic brain injury.

aUsed for ≥3 months and taken during the study.