Table 5.

Common concurrent disease-specific medications^a by primary neurological condition.

AD/dementia (n = 17)	%
Anticholinesterase (e.g., donepezil)	47.1
Memantine	29.4
MS (n = 223)	%
Interferon beta	45.3
Glatiramer	27.4
Centrally acting muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen,  tizanidine, orphenadrine)	33.2
Urinary antispasmodics (e.g., oxybutynin, tolterodine)	25.6
Psychostimulants (e.g., amphetamine derivatives,  modafinil, pemoline)	18.8
Glucocorticoids	5.8
Immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate,  mycophenolate, azathioprine)	5.8
Mitoxantrone	4.0
4-Aminopyridine	2.2
Stroke/CBVD (n = 51)	%
Aspirin	43.1
Clopidogrel	19.6
Calcium channel blockers (e.g., dihydropyridine)	11.8
TBI (n = 23)	%
Topiramate	13.0
Carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine	13.0
Thyroid preparations	17.4
Psychostimulants (e.g., amphetamine derivatives, modafinil, pemoline)	13.0
Antimigraine (e.g., triptans, selective 5HT1 agonists)	13.0
Glucocorticoids	8.7
ALS/MND (n = 199)	%
Riluzole	47.7
Centrally acting muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen,  tizanidine, orphenadrine)	31.7
Coenzyme Q10	31.2
Tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., minocycline, doxycycline)	17.6
Creatine	15.6
Beta-2-adrenergic agonists, inhalants	14.6
Beta carotene/vitamin A	13.1
Urinary antispasmodics (e.g., oxybutynin, tolterodine)	11.1
Quinine	10.6
Expectorants and mucolytics (e.g., guaifenesin,  n-acetylcysteine)	9.0
Belladonna alkaloids (e.g., atropine, hyocyamine, scopolamine)	9.0
Glycopyrrolate	7.5
PD/movement disorders (n = 23)	%
Dopamine derivatives (± carbidopa, benserazide,  or entacapone)	65.2
Dopamine agonists	30.4
Amantadine	17.4
Selegiline	8.7
Trihexyphenidyl	0.5
Other PBA (n = 17)	%
Phenytoin	11.8
Tiagabine	11.8

5HT1: type 1 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CBVD: cerebrovascular disorders; MND: motor neuron disease; MS: multiple sclerosis; PBA: pseudobulbar affect; PD: Parkinson’s disease; TBI: traumatic brain injury.

^aUsed for ≥3 months and taken during the study.