Figure 4. Effect of diabetes on systemic cells’ functions after stroke.
Bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) produce angiogenic mediators and are incorporated in the newly formed vessels at the ischemic border zone after stroke. Diabetes reduces EPC count and angiogenic response. Diabetes increase neutrophil recruitment, activation and adhesion in the diabetic brain after stroke leading to increased inflammation. Diabetics have elevated levels of platelet-derived microparticles (PMP) putting them at risk of increased coagulation after ischemic stroke.