Fig. 4.

Characteristics of species mentioned for rewilding introductions in international scientific publications focused on trophic rewilding (n = 91) (see Methods for further details on the systematic review). (A) Organism group and body mass. (B) Introduction geography [range-restricted species (species extirpated locally, but still extant within the focal zoogeographic region, with reduced range), species extirpated <5,000 y ago (species completely extirpated from the focal region within the last 5,000 y, but still extant elsewhere), species extinct >5,000 y ago (species completely extirpated from the focal region more than 5,000 y ago, but still extant elsewhere), ecological replacement for a globally extinct species, novel function (introduction to achieve novel ecological function without a past analog)], and body mass.