Domain specificity of PD-L1 mAbs. 9A11, E1L3N, and SP142 recognize an epitope in the cytoplasmic domain of PD-L1 while most other mAbs used for therapeutics, flow cytometry and IHC, recognize an epitope in the extracellular domain of PD-L1, including 2A3, 5A4, 7G11, and 015.