Table 3. Origin of the sinoatrial nodal artery (SANa) in different population subgroups.
| Population | All | Africa | Asia | Europe | North America | South America | Cadaveric | Imaging | Sensitivity Analysis (n ≥ 100) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Studies(Number of hearts) | 61 (20721) | 3 (103) | 18 (8469) | 27 (10678) | 8 (912) | 5 (559) | 38 (5130) | 23 (15591) | 36 (19417) |
| From RCA(95% CI) | 68.0(55.6–68.9) | 54.8(18.7–83.0) | 69.2(40.7–76.2) | 69.4(61.8–72.6) | 65.7(44.0–78.2) | 61.4(30.3–82.9) | 66.5(50.5–70.4) | 68.5(55.3–74.4) | 70.2(53.4–71.0) |
| From LCX(95% CI) | 22.1(15.0–26.2) | 6.4(0–26.2) | 17.9(4.2–30.7) | 24.6(19.1–28.9) | 22.9(8.6–37.8) | 25.4(4.4–50.5) | 18.6(9.9–25.3) | 26.9(17.3–34.8) | 23.7(14.1–29.0) |
| From LCA(95% CI) | 2.7(0.7–5.2) | 11.0(0–34.3) | 3.8(0–11.1) | 1.1(0.1–2.6) | 4.0(0–11.9) | 6.3(0–21.7) | 5.1(1.1–10.0) | 0.5(0–2.3) | 1.6(0–4.6) |
| From Aorta(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.3) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.3(0–1.1) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.1) | 0.2(0–1.6) | 0.2(0–1.3) |
| From Bronchial artery(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.3(0–1.0) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.2) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.2) |
| From RCA and LCX(95% CI) | 2.0(0.3–4.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 4.4(0–12.1) | 1.0(0.1–2.5) | 2.9(0–9.9) | 2.3(0–13.5) | 2.0(0–5.0) | 2.1(0–6.1) | 2.2(0.1–5.5) |
| From RCA and LCA(95% CI) | 0.9(0–2.3) | 13.7(0–38.4) | 0.6(0–4.8) | 0.7(0–2.0) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 1.6(0–4.5) | 0.2(0–1.5) | 0.3(0–1.7) |
| From RCA and Bronchial artery(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.2(0–0.9) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.1) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.1) |
| From LCX and Pulmonary artery(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.2(0–0.9) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.2) | 0.1(0–1.4) | 0.1(0–1.2) |
| From LCX and Bronchial artery(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.2(0–0.9) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.1) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.1) |
| 2 from RCA(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.3) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.4(0–4.2) | 0.2(0–1.0) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.5(0–2.5) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.2(0–1.3) |
| 2 from LCX(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.4(0–4.0) | 0.2(0–0.8) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.5(0–2.3) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.2(0–1.2) |
| 2 from LCA(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.1) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.2(0–0.8) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.1) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.1) |
| 2 from RCA + 1 from LCX(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.2(0–0.8) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.2) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.2) |
| 2 from LCX + 1 from RCA(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.3(0–3.9) | 0.2(0–0.8) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.2) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.2) |
| 2 from RCA + 1 from LCA(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.1) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.2(0–0.8) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.1) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.1) |
| 2 from RCA + 1 from Bronchial artery(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.2(0–0.8) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.2) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.1) |
| 1 from RCA + 2 from Bronchial artery(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.1) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.2(0–0.8) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.5(0–8.0) | 0.4(0–2.1) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.1) |
| From Right Coronary sinus(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.2(0–0.9) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.1) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.1) |
| From Left Coronary sinus(95% CI) | 0.3(0–1.2) | 0.9(0–12.3) | 0.2(0–3.6) | 0.2(0–0.9) | 0.3(0–3.7) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 0.4(0–2.1) | 0.1(0–1.3) | 0.1(0–1.1) |
| I2(95% CI) | 98.94(98.84–99.03) | 89.75(72.46–96.19) | 99.57(99.51–99.62) | 96.71(95.96–97.32) | 96.33(94.49–97.56) | 0.3(0–6.8) | 98.02(97.71–98.29) | 99.32(99.23–99.41) | 99.35(99.28–99.41) |
| Cochran's Q, P-value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
SANa, Sinoatrial nodal artery; RCA, Right coronary artery; LCX, Left circumflex artery; LCA, Left coronary artery