Figure 7.

Slow oscillations without glycolytic oscillations. (A) Slow Ca²⁺ oscillations are triggered by glucose in mice deficient in the muscle type isoform of PFK subunit. Replacement of 98% of PFK-M isoform by PFK-C was simulated by replacing $J_{\text{PFK}}$ with $0.02J_{\text{PFK}}+0.98J_{\text{PFK}-C}$, where $J_{\text{PFK}-C}$ has the same form as $J_{\text{PFK}}$ but with a parameter adjusted to account for saturation by basal levels of FBP. Parameters are listed in the Supporting Material. (B) Slow Ca²⁺ oscillations are triggered by mitochondrial fuel α-ketoisocaproate (KIC). Addition of KIC was simulated by increasing $J_{\text{ANT}}$.