Table 2.

CMR imaging data of the study participants

	HF patients with low LVEF	HF patients with normal LVEF	Control subjects	p value
	(n = 25)	(n = 23)	(n = 21)
LV ejection fraction (%)	31.2 ± 12.3*, **	60.2 ± 8.3 *	70.9 ± 7.6	<0.001
LV end-diastolic volume (mL)	169.5 ± 78.1*,**	124 ± 43.7 *	95.3 ± 23.4	< 0.001
LV end-systolic volume (mL)	120.8 ± 70.7*,**	51.2 ± 24.0 *	28.2 ± 11.5	< 0.001
Stroke volume (mL)	48.7 ± 19.4*,**	72.8 ± 22.4	67.2 ± 15.9	< 0.001
Cardiac output (L/min)	3.7 ± 1.5*,**	4.8 ± 1.5	5.1 ± 1.1	0.004
LV mass (g)	126.1 ± 52.9*	113.5 ± 34.8 *	94.4 ± 23.2	0.032
LV global function index (%)	20.2 ± 9.0*,**	37.6 ± 6.7 *	44.6 ± 6.1	< 0.001
LV concentricity	0.8 ± 0.3*,**	1.0 ± 0.4	1 ± 0.3	0.027

Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations. P values are calculated from one-way analysis of variance

Abbreviations: HF heart failure, LV left ventricle, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction

^* p < 0.05 vs. controls; ^** p < 0.05 vs. HF patients with normal LVEF