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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Sep 30;214(2):192–202. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.082

Figure 2. Maternal diabetes induces endothelial progenitor apoptosis via ASK1 activation.

Figure 2

Maternal diabetes induces oxidative stress, which causes ER stress by aggravating unfolding protein response (UPR) events in the ER. Oxidative stress and ER stress induce phosphorylation of the Thr-845 present on the activation loop of ASK1, thereby activating ASK1. ASK1 activation then leads to the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, which activates several transcription factors. These transcription factors ultimately induce endothelial progenitor cell apoptosis and senescence.