Figure 1.

Cytokine secretion increased by AN‐extract treatment. (a) RayBio® Human Cytokine Antibody Array 3 kit (Ray Biotech) was used to screen cytokine secretion in the AN‐exposed CM. The relative expression level of the cytokines was determined by densitometric analysis using the ‘Quantity one program’. Quantification of the 18 cytokines and growth factors was available in both hNOF (a−1) and hTERT‐hNOF (a−2) by AN‐extract for 24 hr. (b,c) GRO‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐8 were measured by ELISA. As 30 μg/ml AN‐extract were treated for 24 hr in both hNOF (b) and hTERT‐hNOF (c), each cytokine was increased than in nontreated CM. Results shown are representative of multiple repeats (means ± SD of triplicates) (*p ≤ 0.05 by Mann–Whitney U‐test).