Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory features in individuals with sickle cell anaemia associated with bacteraemia during hospitalization
| No bacteraemia [n = 847/890 (95·2)] | Bacteraemia [n = 43/890 (4·8)] | OR (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, GM ± SD | 10·4 ± 8·4 | 10·4 ± 9·8 | 1·00 (0·96–1·04) | 0·99 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever, n/n (%) | 137/600 (22·8) | 9/25 (36·0) | 1·90 (0·78–4·63) | 0·16 |
| Pain, n/n (%) | 187/478 (39·1) | 11/23 (47·8) | 1·43 (0·61–3·36) | 0·42 |
| Symptoms of anaemia,a n/n (%) | 50/600 (8·3) | 5/25 (20·0) | 2·75 (0·98–7·73) | 0·06 |
| Jaundice, n/n (%) | 39/595 (6·6) | 4/25 (16·0) | 2·72 (0·90–8·17) | 0·08 |
| Examination | ||||
| Jaundice, n/n (%) | 430/630 (68·3) | 20/28 (71·4) | 1·16 (0·49–2·73) | 0·73 |
| Pallor, n/n (%) | 284/589 (48·2) | 12/25 (48·0) | 0·99 (0·46–2·13) | 0·98 |
| Temperature, GM ± SD | 36·7 ± 0·7 | 36·9 ± 1·0 | 1·57 (0·94–2·62) | 0·08 |
| Febrile (>37·5°C), n/n (%) | 64/627 (10·2) | 4/25 (16·0) | 1·68 (0·58–4·85) | 0·33 |
| SpO2, GM ± SD | 97·7 ± 2·8 | 98·4 ± 2·2 | 1·12 (0·93–1·35) | 0·22 |
| Palpable spleen, n/n (%) | 129/588 (21·9) | 4/26 (15·4) | 0·65 (0·22–1·94) | 0·44 |
| Palpable liver, n/n (%) | 43/551 (7·8) | 3/25 (12·0) | 1·61 (0·45–5·72) | 0·05 |
| Laboratory features | ||||
| White blood cell count, ×109/l, GM ± SD | 18·5 ± 11·6 | 23·0 ± 15·9 | 1·02 (0·99–1·05) | 0·06 |
| Haemoglobin, g/l, GM ± SD | 71 ± 16 | 62 ± 18 | 0·72 (0·56–0·91) | <0·01 |
| Mean corpuscular volume, fl, GM ± SD | 80·6 ± 9·9 | 82·1 ± 10·8 | 1·01 (0·97–1·06) | 0·49 |
| Red cell distribution width, %, GM ± SD | 22·7 ± 4·3 | 22·6 ± 4·1 | 0·99 (0·90–1·09) | 0·89 |
| Platelet count, ×109/l, GM ± SD | 399·2 ± 206·1 | 371·1 ± 167·7 | 0·99 (0·99–1·00) | 0·47 |
| Reticulocyte count, %, GM ± SD | 13·9 ± 6·6 | 13·9 ± 7·9 | 1·00 (0·93–1·07) | 0·98 |
| Bilirubin – Total, μmol/l, GM ± SD | 67·6 ± 71·5 | 49·6 ± 34·1 | 0·99 (0·98–1·00) | 0·23 |
| Bilirubin – Unconjugated, μmol/l, GM ± SD | 53·2 ± 41·3 | 30·4 ± 42·8 | 0·99 (0·98–1·00) | 0·18 |
| Aspartate transaminase, iu/l, GM ± SD | 56·1 ± 41·3 | 56·2 ± 29·5 | 1·00 (0·99–1·01) | 0·98 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, iu/l, GM ± SD | 265·7 ± 144·3 | 225·9 ± 119·6 | 0·99 (0·99–1·00) | 0·28 |
| Creatinine, μmol/l, GM ± SD | 42·4 ± 26·9 | 58·4 ± 51·8 | 1·01 (1·00–1·02) | 0·05 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, iu/l, GM ± SD | 1068·2 ± 610·9 | 1141·4 ± 471·1 | 1·00 (0·99–1·00) | 0·55 |
| Haemoglobin F, %, GM ± SD | 6·8 ± 5·2 | 7·9 ± 6·4 | 1·04 (0·96–1·12) | 0·33 |
GM, geometric mean; SD, standard deviation; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Symptoms of anaemia included easy fatiguability, palpitation, dizziness and headache.