FIG. 5.

Effect of micronization and vortexing with chloroform on the concentrations of VEGF and BMP-7 measured in vitro and their effective bioactivities. (A) VEGF quantification by ELISA (n = 4). (B) BMP-7 quantification by ELISA (n = 3). (C) GF bioactivity, normalized to the positive control PC and measured by cell-based assays; VEGF bioactivity is expressed as DNA content after 3 days of culture with treatments (n = 6); BMP-7 activity is measured by the ALP expression (pNP absorbance), normalized by DNA content, after 5 days of culture with treatments (n = 6). Mean ± SE. (* and ns indicate statistical and nonstatistical significance, respectively, compared with the positive control [PC]).