Table 2.
Reviewed Biomaterials and Their Predominant Reaction
| Biomaterial | Predominant reaction of macrophages in contact with biomaterial | Low/high cytokine production | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| PTFE | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 10,15 |
| ePTFE | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | High/high | 9,17,25 |
| PET | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 6,7,20 |
| PET + BDEDTC | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 7,20 |
| PET + BDEDTC + PAAm | Mainly anti-inflammatory | High | 7,20 |
| PET + BDEDTC + PAANa | Mainly anti-inflammatory | High | 7,20 |
| PET + BDEDTC + DMAPAAmMeI | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 7,20 |
| Parietex™ Composite | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | High/high | 6 |
| Polyethylene | Mainly anti-inflammatory | Low | 9,18 |
| Polyurethane | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | High/high | 9,15,18 |
| PFPE (small posts) | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 13 |
| PFPE (large posts) | Mainly anti-inflammatory | High | 13 |
| PP | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | Low/low | 6,26 |
| PP + polyglactin | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 10 |
| Poly(ethylene glycol):poly(acrylate) | Mainly anti-inflammatory | Low | 27 |
| Poly-d-lysine-PAH | Mainly proinflammatory | Low | 8 |
| Silicone | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | High/high | 15 |
| Polylactic acid | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | High/high | 12 |
| Poly(ethylene oxide) | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 14 |
| Bio-A | Mainly proinflammatory | Low | 23 |
| Polydioxanone | Mainly anti-inflammatory | High | 3 |
| Poly-e-caprolactone bisurea | Mainly anti-inflammatory | High | 27 |
| Poly(urethane urea) | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | Low/low | 19 |
| Collamend™ | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 24 |
| Permacol™ | Mainly proinflammatory/proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | High/low | 6,24 |
| Allomax | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 22,23 |
| FlexHD | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 22,23 |
| Alloderm | Mainly proinflammatory | Low | 22,23 |
| Strattice™ | Mainly proinflammatory | Low | 24 |
| Surgisis® | Mainly proinflammatory | Low | 24 |
| Collagen coating | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 28 |
| Ultrafoam | Mainly proinflammatory | Low | 16,25 |
| Silk | Mainly proinflammatory | High | 16 |
| Keratin | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | Low/high | 28 |
| Chitosan | Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory | Low/high | 12,21 |
This table shows results coming from different macrophage models, not necessarily equivalents. The results are adapted generally from one study.
BDEDTC, poly(styrene-co-benzyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate); DMAPAAmMeI, methyl iodide of poly[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide; ePTFE, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene; PAAm, polyacrylamide; PAANa, sodium salt of poly(acrylic acid); PFPE, perfluoropolyether; PET, polyethylene terephthalate; PP, polypropylene; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene.