TABLE 4.
Percentages of activated lymphocyte subset concentrations and ratios of memory to naive lymphocyte subsets in venous blood from Malawian children with malaria
| Subset characteristica | Median value (10th–90th percentile) for clinical group: |
P value forb: |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 42) | Cerebral malaria |
Severe malarial anemia |
Uncomplicated malaria |
Differences between acute groups and controls (Kruskal-Wallis, adjusted) | Acute group differences independent of age (nonparametric ANCOVA, adjusted) | Differences between Conv groups and controls (Kruskal-Wallis, adjusted) | Acute group differences independent of age (nonparametric ANCOVA, adjusted) | ||||
| Acute (n = 29) | Convc (n = 18) | Acute (n = 30) | Conv (n = 21) | Acute (n = 54) | Conv (n = 34) | ||||||
| % CD69+ of subset | |||||||||||
| T cells | 21.08 (13.29–37.39) | 37.09 (25.83–64.16) | 27.13 (10.97–57.49) | 28.46 (15.83–49.30) | 24.10 (10.35–61.96) | 27.55 (15.91–53.25) | 25.26 (12.45–54.92) | 1.4 × 10−5 | 9.2 × 10−3 | 0.83 | 0.60 |
| NK cells | 25.77 (18.06–37.81) | 73.36 (48.63–85.23) | 30.84 (18.07–48.38) | 58.18 (25.08–79.45) | 29.29 (17.79–48.62) | 59.11 (34.56–78.34) | 33.60 (15.85–49.90) | 6.0 × 10−14 | 1.0 × 10−4 | 0.52 | 0.60 |
| γδ T cells | 23.83 (13.76–38.21) | 60.13 (34.95–76.92) | 24.13 (12.51–35.23) | 51.94 (33.14–73.46) | 25.62 (13.71–43.48) | 50.00 (25.44–77.27) | 25.76 (4.28–33.49) | 1.2 × 10−11 | 2.0 × 10−4 | 0.95 | 0.61 |
| Memory/naïve cell ratio of subset | |||||||||||
| CD4+ T cells | 0.40 (0.23–0.87) | 0.85 (0.50–1.93) | 0.55 (0.29–1.16) | 0.40 (0.24–0.71) | 0.47 (0.23–1.30) | 0.62 (0.31–1.31) | 0.49 (0.34–0.92) | 5.7 × 10−8 | 5.6 × 10−3 | 0.47 | 0.60 |
| CD8+ T cells | 0.19 (0.11–0.37) | 0.21 (0.09–0.45) | 0.26 (0.08–0.45) | 0.16 (0.07–0.42) | 0.15 (0.09–0.53) | 0.23 (0.11–0.56) | 0.19 (0.10–0.48) | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.95 | 0.60 |
| B cells | 0.18 (0.06–0.54) | 0.27 (0.10–0.45) | 0.27 (0.08–0.59) | 0.18 (0.08–0.33) | 0.20 (0.09–0.40) | 0.27 (0.10–0.44) | 0.27 (0.11–0.47) | 0.039 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 0.90 |
a
Values are medians (10th and 90th percentiles) presented as percentages of each lymphocyte subset expressing the CD69 activation marker or memory-to-naive cell ratio of each subset according to CD45RO (memory T cell), CD45RA (naive T cell), and CD27 (memory B cell) expression.
b
Kruskal-Wallis and nonparametric ANCOVA P values apply to groups of children with acute or convalescent malaria and controls and are adjusted with Benjamini-Hochberg corrections for multiple comparisons.
c
Conv, convalescent.