Table 3.
Surgical Characteristics and Outcomes in the 2 Study Periods
| Operative Characteristics and Outcomes | Period 1 (n = 50) | Period 2 (n = 106) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laparoscopic | 0 | 42 (40) | <.001 |
| Gender, male | 23 (66) | 62 (58) | .370 |
| Median age, years (range) | 59.5 (18–86) | 61 (30–85) | .332 |
| Previous abdominal surgery | 14 (28) | 39 (37) | .279 |
| ASA score | .133 | ||
| 1 | 8 (16) | 14 (13) | |
| 2 | 30 (60) | 76 (72) | |
| 3 | 10 (20) | 16 (15) | |
| 4 | 2 (4) | 0 | |
| Pathology | .899 | ||
| Benign | 16 (32) | 35 (33) | |
| Malignant | 34 (68) | 71 (67) | |
| Median tumor size, mm (range) | 33.5 (0–75) | 25.5 (0–70) | .175 |
| Concomitant surgery | 7 (14) | 17 (16) | .742 |
| Anatomic | 28 (56) | 51 (48) | .358 |
| Nonanatomic | 22 (44) | 55 (52) | |
| Segments | .077 | ||
| 1 | 13 (26) | 43 (41) | |
| 2 | 37 (74) | 63 (59) | |
| Background liver histology | .274 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 19 (38) | 31 (29) | |
| Median operating time, min (range) | 105 (40–210) | 120 (55–525) | .058 |
| Median blood loss, mL (range) | 100 (0–4000) | 100 (0–3000) | .881 |
| Perioperative blood transfusion | 2 (4) | 8 (8) | .503 |
| Median blood transfusion, mL (range) | 0 (0–1800) | 0 (0–2000) | .739 |
| Pringle maneuver | 5 (10) | 18 (17) | .251 |
| Median duration of Pringle maneuver, min (range) | 0 (0–20) | 0 (0–45) | .231 |
| Median postoperative stay, days (range) | 4.5 (3–13) | 4 (1–47) | .949 |
| Postoperative morbidity | 5 (10) | 20 (19) | .159 |
| Resection margin <1 mm | 4 (8) | 7 (6.6) | .746 |
| Median closest resection margin, mm (range) | 8 (0–25) | 6 (0–100) | .791 |
Data are number of patients (percentage of total study group), unless otherwise specified. Bold indicates statistical significance (P < .05).