Figure 2.

Effect of odd harmonic components on sinusoidal summations. When compared to the regular patterns of the 2^nd (black solid line; sin(2·2π)) and the 3^rd harmonics (gray solid line; sin(3·2π)), the summation of the 2^nd and 3^rd (dashed line; sin(2·2π) + 0.4sin(3·2π)) demonstrates changes in both timing and magnitude between steps. The 3^rd harmonic constructively combines with the positive peak of the 2^nd harmonic in the first step and destructively in the second, generating the magnitude differences in the summation highlighted by the gray regions. The constructive/destructive summation also induces a timing shift in the peaks as indicated by the timing of dashed vertical lines from the start of each step and as compared to the consistent solid vertical lines of the 2^nd harmonic.