Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016 Mar;11(2):216–225. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000227

FIGURE 1. Adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis.

FIGURE 1

T and B lymphocytes may positively or negatively influence atherosclerotic plaque through direct action on lesions or through inflammatory cytokine production. Emerging observational data have linked CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell activation to subclinical vascular disease and adverse outcomes among those with HIV infection; relatively less is known about the role of TReg or B lymphocytes in the context of HIV disease. Reproduced with permission from Libby et al.[39]