Table 2.
Baseline parameters as predictors of the 6-month reverse remodeling.
| Responders (N = 61) | Nonresponders (N = 62) | p value | Lack of reverse remodeling | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI of OR | Wald χ 2 | p value | ||||
| Clinical variables | |||||||
| Age (years) | 65 (56–70) | 68 (63–75) | 0.003 | 1.84 | 1.22–2.78 | 8.51 | 0.004 |
| Male gender | 47 (77) | 54 (87) | 0.14 | 2.01 | 0.77–5.21 | 2.06 | 0.15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 (25–30) | 27 (24–30) | 0.68 | 0.89 | 0.62–1.28 | 0.37 | 0.53 |
| Ischemic | 33 (54) | 41 (66) | 0.17 | 1.65 | 0.80–3.43 | 1.84 | 0.17 |
| LBBB | 54 (88) | 49 (79) | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.18–1.32 | 1.98 | 0.15 |
| CRT-D | 11 (18) | 8 (12) | 0.43 | 0.67 | 0.25–1.81 | 0.61 | 0.43 |
| Opt. lead position | 44 (72) | 44 (70) | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.43–2.06 | 0.02 | 0.88 |
| QRS (msec) | 160 (160–180) | 160 (140–181) | 0.62 | 0.89 | 0.62–1.28 | 0.35 | 0.55 |
| LVEF (%) | 27 (22–31) | 27 (23–33) | 0.63 | 1.12 | 0.78–1.58 | 0.40 | 0.52 |
| LVESV (mL) | 234 (173–276) | 188 (137–238) | 0.01 | 0.63 | 0.42–0.94 | 5.01 | 0.01 |
| LVEDV (mL) | 331 (263–386) | 267 (234–336) | 0.006 | 0.62 | 0.42–0.91 | 5.91 | 0.01 |
| NYHA III. IV | 47 (77) | 58 (93) | 0.01 | 4.31 | 1.33–13.99 | 5.94 | 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 32 (52) | 34 (54) | 0.79 | 1.10 | 0.54–2.26 | 0.70 | 0.79 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 12 (19) | 19 (30) | 0.16 | 1.80 | 0.78–4.14 | 1.93 | 0.16 |
| Diabetes m. | 20 (32) | 24 (38) | 0.49 | 1.29 | 0.61–2.71 | 0.46 | 0.49 |
| ACEi/ARB | 58 (95) | 60 (96) | 0.63 | 1.55 | 0.25–9.62 | 0.22 | 0.63 |
| BB | 58 (95) | 56 (90) | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.10–1.65 | 1.58 | 0.20 |
| MRI | 49 (80) | 37 (59) | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.16–0.81 | 6.03 | 0.01 |
| Laboratory data | |||||||
| RDW (%) | 13.4 (12.8–14.1) | 13.9 (13.0–14.9) | 0.01 | 1.52 | 1.01–2.29 | 4.07 | 0.04 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 42 (39–45) | 40 (36–44) | 0.06 | 0.70 | 0.49–1.02 | 3.35 | 0.06 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 2277 (987–3627) | 3126 (1665–6231) | 0.002 | 2.00 | 1.19–3.38 | 6.88 | 0.009 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 96 (73–131) | 113 (82–143) | 0.03 | 1.56 | 1.04–2.34 | 4.75 | 0.02 |
Data are expressed as medians with interquartile ranges for continuous variables and as event numbers with percentages for categorical variables. For the comparison of continuous data, we used the Mann-Whitney test, whereas the chi squared test was applied for the comparison of the categorical variables. Reverse remodeling was defined as a relative decrease of at least 15% in the LVESV 6 months after CRT implantation without death. The lack of reverse remodeling was tested by using univariate logistic regression analyses. The odds ratios refer to the presence versus the absence in the case of categorical variables and a 1 standard deviation increase in the case of continuous variables. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; χ 2 = Wald chi squared; BMI = body mass index; Ischemic = ischemic etiology of the heart failure; LBBB = left bundle branch block; CRT-D = cardiac resynchronization therapy with implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Opt. lead position = lateral or posterolateral position; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV = left ventricular end systolic volume; LVEDV = left ventricular end diastolic volume; NYHA III, IV = New York Heart Association classification 3-4; ACEi/ARB = angiotensin convertase inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; BB = beta-blocker; MRI = mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitor; NT-proBNP = N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide; RDW = red blood cell distribution width.